含环向表面裂纹圆柱壳的波传播特性研究

研究了振动波在含有环向表面裂纹的无限长圆柱壳中的传播特性.圆柱壳体的振动用Flügge方程来描述.运用线弹性断裂力学的理论,考虑到裂纹的张开、滑移和撕裂3种模式以及它们相互之间的耦合,利用分布的线弹簧来模拟裂纹并建立了裂纹所在区域的局部柔度矩阵,得到由此引起的附加位移和壳体中内力之间的关系.在入射波已知的情况下,根据裂纹两侧区域的位移和内力的连续性条件得到了反射和透射波的幅值系数.分析了入射波通过裂纹后的透射、反射系数与激励频率和裂纹尺寸之间的关系.为基于振动功率流方法识别圆柱壳表面损伤提供了理论基础.     

EFFECTS OF DISLOCATION CONFIGURATION, CRACK BLUNTING AND FREE SURFACES ON THE TRIGGERING LOAD OF DISLOCATION SOURCES

The effects of dislocation configuration,crack blunting and free surfaces on the triggering load of dislocation sources in the vicinity of a crack or a wedge tip subjected to a tensile load in the far field are investigated.An appropriate triggering criterion for dislocation sources is proposed by considering the configurational forces acting on each dislocation.The triggering behaviors of dislocation sources near the tips of a crack and a wedge are compared.It is also found that the blunting of crack tip and the presence of free surfaces near the crack or the wedge have considerable influences on the triggering load of dislocation sources.This study might be of significance to gaining a deeper understanding of the brittle-to-ductile transition of materials.     

Mechanism of Fatigue-Crack Growth under Compressive External Stresses

A specimen with a crack shaped like a thin long defect with parallel edges and a rounded tip of finite radius is considered. When the specimen is subjected to compressive cyclic loads, the stresses in zones adjacent to the crack tip vary according to a sign-variable cycle because of plastic strains occurring at the crack tip. This can cause fatigue-crack growth. Results of numerical simulations and experimental data support the possibility of fatigue-crack growth in the field of compressive external stresses. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 108–115, November–December, 2005.     

Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

A criterion for the onset of growth of two shear cracks in an elastic body under plane-strain conditions

The Wiener-Hopf method is used to find a solution to a symmetric problem that gives a criterion for the onset of growth of long shear cracks emanating from a corner point on the boundary of a hole and filled with a plastic material __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 83–90, April 2006.     

Modification of the fracture criterion for V-shaped notches (plane problem). Relationship between toughness and strength and structural parameters

A fracture criterion of the type of the Neuber-Novozhilov criterion is proposed to describe the fracture in the vicinity of the tip of a V-shaped notch under tensile and shear loading. In the proposed criterion, the limits of averaging of the stresses along the notch axis depend on the presence, location, and size of the initial defects in the material. The crystal lattice parameter of the initial material is chosen for the characteristic linear size. For a V-shaped notch subjected to tension and shear, simple equations are obtained that relate the stress intensity factors for the modified singularity coefficients, the singularity coefficients themselves, and the theoretical tensile and shear strengths of a single crystal of the material taking into account the damage to the material in the vicinity of the notch tip. The equations obtained allow a passage to the limit from a notch to a crack. It is shown that the classical critical stress intensity factor used in the strength analysis of cracked solids is not a material constant.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 106–115, January–February, 2005.     

压荷载下类岩石材料中的锯齿形裂纹分析

针对类岩石材料的复杂性和非均质性，特别是材料中一些强度相对较弱的晶界的存在等，对形状较为复杂的两种锯齿形裂纹：内张型滑动裂纹和单翼滑动裂纹的应力强度因子进行了分析．结合经典的滑动裂纹模型，讨论了裂纹起裂角、侧压以及翼裂长度等对应力强度因子的影响．分析的结果为进一步研究类岩石材料的断裂损伤机理提供了理论基础．     

用三维光弹法确定轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹应力强度因子及其修正系数

用三维光弹法测定了轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹的应力强度因子，并分析计算了应力强度因子修正系数，结果表明，应力强度因子的分布型式对加载条件和裂纹几何不敏感；修正系数对裂纹深度呈现对称分布趋势，仅取决于裂纹几何参数。     

对蓬安县三元水库大坝外坡裂缝产生的原因及整治工程的探讨

本文通过对蓬安县三元水库大坝外坡裂缝产生的原因分析，进而运用岩、土力学的理论与方法反算推论出了裂缝的产生不是深层坝体土滑动引起的，而是局部浅层坝体土在水的诱发作用下作蠕滑-拉裂变形所产生的。在明确了大坝裂缝产生的原因后，提出了一系列相应整治工程措施，以达到彻底根治裂缝和稳固大坝的目的。     

自动检测da/dN的微机系统

研制了一种da/dN自动检测系统;介绍了其工作原理和裂纹长度a及循环数N的采集方法;与传统的目测法做了对比;显示了该系统的优越性。